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Spring rapeseed is a significant crop that currently holds high value in the economy. Today, rapeseed is used to produce oil, which is utilized in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and cooking, as well as for biodiesel production, meal, oilcake, and green mass used for livestock feed. Additionally, rapeseed can be used as a cover crop.
In 2024, the area of spring rapeseed cultivation in Khakassia exceeded 14 thousand hectares, which is twice as much as in 2023.
Every year, agricultural producers in the region expand the land area planted with rapeseed. However, despite the high market value of rapeseed, its cultivation is associated with serious risks and significant expenses for plant protection from pests.
Rapeseed cultivation is a complex process that requires a meticulous approach. Neglecting proper care can render the harvest unsuitable.
Fields with rapeseed may harbor around 50 pest species, which can significantly reduce yields or even destroy crops. Crucifer flea beetles, cabbage stem weevils, pollen beetles, cabbage seedpod weevils, cabbage moths, aphids, flea beetles, crucifer bugs, and cabbage moths are among the most dangerous pests.
In recent years, the population of cabbage moths has significantly increased. Today, this pest is one of the most dangerous for crucifer crops in Russia. The cabbage moth poses a major challenge to the cultivation of these crops, surpassing pests like crucifer flea beetles and pollen beetles.
This year, specialists surveyed 13 thousand hectares for cabbage moth infestations. The results showed that 92% of the surveyed area was infested with caterpillars. Out of these, 10.4 thousand hectares exceeded the economic damage threshold. The average number of caterpillars per plant was 9.4, with a maximum of 45 caterpillars per plant recorded on 0.24 thousand hectares in the Altai district. The impact coefficient of caterpillars from the moth was 8.7%, 1.6 times higher than last year.
Cabbage moth caterpillars appeared on rapeseed crops in June, at the rosette stage, and continued until August, when the pod stage began. Due to the prolonged lifespan of butterflies and their ability to lay eggs starting from the first day of their life, the pest population grew very large, making control difficult as new generations overlapped. Second-generation caterpillars caused significant damage to leaves, buds, and flowers, leading to wilting and drying out. The pest's reproduction depends on wintering conditions, weather factors, and the activity of entomophages.
With the increase in rapeseed cultivation in the region next year, the cabbage moth population will depend on wintering and spring and summer weather conditions. If the weather is dry and warm, the number of phytophages will remain above the critical value.
An integrated approach is necessary for effective cabbage moth control. This involves agronomic measures such as deep autumn plowing, weed removal, plant residue destruction, spatial isolation between crucifer crops, and planting early varieties and hybrids. The use of pheromone traps is also recommended for monitoring moth populations.
Chemical control includes pre-sowing treatment of seeds with insecticides with contact and gastric action, as well as field treatment during vegetation with different mechanisms of action—contact and systemic pesticides—since the pest quickly develops resistance to chemicals.
